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Basic German Grammar Topics

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  1. German-Gender of Nouns
    4 Topics
  2. German-Nominative
    4 Topics
  3. German-Numbers
    4 Topics
  4. German-Adjectives
    4 Topics
  5. German-Personal Pronouns & the Verb sein
    4 Topics
  6. German-Regular Verbs in the Present Tense
    4 Topics
  7. German-Plural Formation
    4 Topics
  8. German-Haben and the Accusative Case
    4 Topics
  9. German-Word Order
    4 Topics
  10. German-Definite Articles
    4 Topics
  11. German-Indefinite Articles
    4 Topics
  12. German-Negation
    5 Topics
  13. German-Modal Verbs
    4 Topics
  14. German-Separable Prefix Verbs
    4 Topics
  15. German-Coordinating Conjunctions
    4 Topics
  16. German-Konjunktiv I
    4 Topics
  17. German-Possessive Pronouns
    4 Topics
  18. German Question Words
    4 Topics
  19. German-Present Perfect of Regular Verbs
    4 Topics
  20. German-Present Perfect of Irregular Verbs
    4 Topics
  21. German-Present Perfect of Mixed Verbs
    4 Topics
  22. German-Dative Case
    5 Topics
  23. German-Two Way Prepositions
    4 Topics
  24. German-Dative Prepositions
    4 Topics
  25. German-Conditionals
    4 Topics
  26. German-Future Tense
    4 Topics
  27. German-Dative Verbs
    4 Topics
  28. German-Simple Past Tense
    4 Topics
  29. German-Imperative
    4 Topics
  30. German-Comparative
    4 Topics
  31. German-Temporal Prepositions
    4 Topics
  32. German-Present Perfect Separable Prefix Verbs
    4 Topics
  33. German-Irregular Verbs
    4 Topics
  34. German-Present Perfect Inseparable Prefix Verbs
    4 Topics
Lesson 29, Topic 1
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Lesson-German Imperative

Stephen Sovenyhazy March 26, 2024
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The imperative mood in German has several forms, and can be “softened” by adding flavoring particles (‘doch’ and ‘mal’) and the word ‘bitte’ (please). ‘Doch’ adds urgency to a command; ‘mal’ expresses impatience; the two combined, ‘doch mal’, is more relaxed.

Beispiele:

Bitte, trinken Sie Wasser!                    Please, drink water!               (polite)

Trinken Sie doch Wasser!                   Do drink water!                       (urgent)

Trinken Sie mal Wasser!                      Come on and drink water!     (impatient)

Trinken Sie doch mal Wasser!            Go ahead and drink water!    (not forceful)

Below is an outline of the forms with more examples.

Forms of the Imperative

There are four forms of the imperative: Second person singular (du), second person plural (ihr), first person plural (wir) and second person formal singular and plural (Sie).

imperativ 1 jpg

Main Exceptions for 2nd person singular:

  • If the main part of a verb ends in consonant +“m” or “n”, add an -e at the end

Examples:

atmen, du atmest; Imperativ: Atme!

zeichnen, du zeichnest; Imperativ: Zeichne!

-BUT-

kommen, du kommst; Imperativ: Komm!

  • If the main part of a verb ends in “d” or “t”, add an -e at the end (warten; du wartest; Warte!)
  • Change from “a” to “ä” is not happening in the imperative (laufen; du läufst; Lauf!)
  • Change from “e” to “ie” is happening in the imperative (lesen; du liest; Lies!)

Examples:

Räum dein Zimmer auf!                (Infinitiv: aufräumen; Präsens: du räumst auf)

Macht die Musik aus!                     (Infinitiv: ausmachen: Präsens: ihr macht aus)

Gehen Sie in das Erdgeschoss!    (Infinitiv: gehen; Präsens: Sie gehen)