Just like subject pronouns replace the subject noun in a sentence, direct object pronouns replace the direct object noun in a sentence, which can be a person, thing, noun phrase, or nominalized clause.

An indirect object pronoun (un pronombre de objeto indirecto) tells you to whom or for whom something is done.

Relative pronouns in Spanish are words that connect clauses to give more information about previously mentioned people, things, or issues. You use them to connect ideas in one sentence and avoid repetition.

A Spanish sentence can have both a direct object and an indirect object pronoun. These "double object pronouns" cannot be separated, and the indirect pronoun always precedes the direct pronoun.

You can attach certain direct object pronouns and indirect object pronouns to command forms! If you’re using affirmative commands, the pronouns are attached directly to the end of the verb. If you’re using negative commands, the pronouns go directly before the verb. If the word (with the command and the attached pronoun) ends up being more than three syllables, an accent mark is added to where the emphasis would usually fall if the word was unchanged.

Spanish demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns describe how far something or someone is from the speaker. They refer to a physical or temporal distance. Demonstrative adjectives come before a noun, while demonstrative pronouns replace it. They can be translated as ‘this’, ‘these, ‘that’ and ‘those’. 

In Spanish, just as in English, you can form past participles as adjectives, as long as you remember to match the number and gender of the noun that it’s modifying. This means that for plurals you have to add an extra s, and in the feminine form the -ado and -ido endings become -ada and -ida .

The verb hacer is one of the most commonly used verbs in Spanish. It typically translates as to do or to make, but in some expressions, it can take on a different meaning.

Prepositions are used in almost every sentence. They can be a great tool to link words with each other. For example by simply knowing how to use "to", "with", "from", "after" you can expand your conversation scope. These prepositions show direction or location.

Adverbs are words used to modify or describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. An adverb can give information about time, place, manner, or number and answer questions.

To form the present progressive or continuous tense in Spanish, you only need two things, the auxiliary verb “estar” and a present participle. In Spanish, present participles are verbs that end in -ando or -iendo. 

Just as in English, the present perfect is a compound tense. Spanish uses the auxiliary verb haber (“to have”) plus the past participle (called the “participio”) of the main verb to form the present perfect. For example: He comido en ese restaurante antes. I have eaten at that restaurant before.

The conditional perfect (condicional compuesto), is a Spanish compound tense. It is used to express possibility in the past i.e. actions the could or would have taken place. We can also express wishes or suppositions about the past.

Comparative adjectives compare and contrast two things. In Spanish, comparisons of inequality exist to talk about unequal relationships and comparisons of equality to say that two things are equal to one another.

Superlatives in Spanish are adjectives that you’ll use to compare three or more things where one is “the most” or “the least” in certain characteristics.

In Spanish, the passive is formed in exactly the same way, using the verb ser (meaning to be) and a past participle. When you say who the action is or was done by, you use the preposition por (meaning by).

A past participle (participio) is a very useful verb form that can function as an adjective or as part of a perfect tense when used in conjunction with the verb haber. To form the past participle of a regular verb, you drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add -ado to the stem of -ar verbs and -ido to the stem of -er and -ir verbs. This is equivalent to adding -ed to many verbs in English.

To form the future tense, add the endings -é, -ás, á, -emos, -éis,-án to the infinitive. Some verbs have irregular stems in the future tense.

The conditional tense in Spanish (el condicional o el pospretérito) is used to talk about hypothetical situations and probabilities and to make polite requests. The Spanish conditional tense is formed much like the Spanish simple future tense. Both regular and irregular verbs use the same set of endings, and any stems that are irregular in the simple future are also irregular in the conditional.

Spanish passive voice formation is pretty straightforward. All you need is a subject (which is the object in the active sentence), the verb “ser” followed by the past participle of the active verb. Subject + ser + past participle